Course Description: This course provides an advanced and detailed description of the anatomy and physiology of the human pulmonary system. It includes a thorough explanation of the bones, inspiratory and expiratory muscles of the thorax and how these structures move to all for both relaxed and deep breathing. Participants will learn the structures and purpose of the pleura, lungs, upper and lower airways. The innervation of the lungs, control of ventilation and the mechanics of breathing will be described. Concepts including lung volumes, physical properties, gas exchange, and ventilation and perfusion matching are explained in detail. You will also learn how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported through the body. The information is presented with clinical examples for the practicing Physical Therapist to immediately apply to their evaluation and treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease.

Course Objectives: By the end of this course participants will be able to independently

1. Identify the muscles of relaxed and forced inspiration and expiration,
2. State the purpose of the structures in the upper and lower respiratory tract,
3. Explain the innervation of the lungs,
4. Describe the mechanics of breathing,
5. List the physical properties of the lung, and
6. Describe how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported through the circulatory system.

Course Description: This course provides an advanced and detailed description of the anatomy and physiology of the human cardiovascular system. It includes the structures and purpose of the heart, chambers, valves, peripheral and great vessels. Participants will learn how the conduction system of the heart propagates electric impulses, how the heart is innervated, and how the heart rate is regulated. The concepts of cardiac output, ejection fraction and venous return are discussed. The events of the cardiac cycle including the electrical events and the pressure and volume changes during the cardiac cycle are thoroughly explained. You will also learn how the blood flows to the working heart and body during exercise and the effects of aging on the cardiovascular system. The information is presented with clinical examples for the practicing Physical Therapist to immediately apply to their evaluation and treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease.

Course Objectives: By the end of this course participants will be able to independently

1. Describe the contents of the mediastinum,
2. List the layers and explain the role of the layers of heart muscle and blood vessels,
3. State the purpose of the chambers of the heart the valves,
4. Explain the conduction system, the innervation of the heart and the regulation of heart rate,
5. Describe the events of the cardiac cycle including the relationship between pressure, volume, cardiac sounds and electrical activity in the heart,
6. Differentiate between and understand cardiac output, ejection fraction and venous return, and
7. Describe how blood flows to the heart muscle and muscles of the body during exercise.